NECTA CIVICS 2025 SOLUTION

NECTA Form 4 Civics 2025

Suggested Solutions & Answers

SECTION A (16 Marks)

1. Multiple Choice Questions

(i) Answer: E (Economic, social and cultural rights)
Reasoning: These rights include the right to work, access to education, health, and an adequate standard of living.

(ii) Answer: D (Military and security organs)
Reasoning: Sensitive employment sectors like the national military and intelligence/security organs are typically restricted to citizens for national security reasons.

(iii) Answer: B (High trade deficit)
Reasoning: A trade deficit occurs when the value of a country's imports exceeds the value of its exports.

(iv) Answer: C (Ability to encourage and inspire followers...)
Reasoning: Charismatic leaders are defined by their personal appeal and ability to inspire and motivate others to achieve goals.

(v) Answer: D (Increased life span and beauty...)
Reasoning: Regular maintenance (painting, repairing) extends the life of property and improves its appearance, thus avoiding the cost of total replacement.

(vi) Answer: B (Pure democracy)
Reasoning: Direct or pure democracy is when all eligible citizens participate directly in decision-making, as seen in village assemblies.

(vii) Answer: E ((i), (iii) and (v))
Reasoning: The Village Council's main roles include proposing by-laws, monitoring projects, and maintaining peace. Approving the budget and electing the chairperson are usually functions of the Village Assembly (all citizens).

(viii) Answer: D (Peer influence, ignorance, and science and technology)
Reasoning: Since genetics are ruled out (fore parents didn't drink), the likely causes are external: peer pressure, lack of awareness (ignorance), or media influence (technology).

(ix) Answer: A (Relative poverty)
Reasoning: Relative poverty is defined by comparing the living standards of people within the same society/community.

(x) Answer: C (Population)
Reasoning: The population provides the workforce (human resources) required for a nation's development.

2. Matching Items (Culture)

• (i) F (Traditions): Experiences of the past passed down generations.
• (ii) G (Norms): Rules guiding habits and events on a regular basis.
• (iii) E (Arts): Expressions reflecting human feelings and thoughts.
• (iv) A (Values): Standards of behavior perceived as acceptable/desirable.
• (v) C (Beliefs): Convictions considered true and sacred.
• (vi) D (Language): System of verbal/non-verbal expressions for interaction.

SECTION B (54 Marks)

3. Significance of Career Development

• Job Satisfaction: Individuals feel more fulfilled when they grow in their careers.
• Economic Growth: A skilled workforce increases national productivity and GDP.
• Reduced Unemployment: Acquiring new skills makes individuals more employable.
• Innovation: Career growth fosters creativity and new solutions to national problems.
• Improved Living Standards: Higher earnings from better careers improve quality of life.
• Social Stability: A gainfully employed population reduces crime and social unrest.

4. Negative Cultural Practices

• Female Genital Mutilation (FGM): Causes severe pain, infection, and complications in childbirth.
• Early Marriage: Leads to teenage pregnancies and health risks like fistula.
• Wife Inheritance: Can spread sexually transmitted diseases like HIV/AIDS.
• Nutritional Taboos: Forbidding pregnant women from eating certain nutritious foods affects their health.
• Gender-Based Violence: Cultural acceptance of wife beating harms women physically and mentally.
• Unsafe Abortion Methods: Traditional practices for ending unwanted pregnancies can be fatal.

5. Need for Maintaining the Union

• Historical Brotherhood: Tanganyika and Zanzibar share common history, language (Kiswahili), and culture.
• National Security: A united front is stronger against external threats.
• Economic Integration: Expanded market size benefits trade and investment for both sides.
• Political Stability: The Union has ensured peace and stability in the region for decades.
• Resource Sharing: Facilitates sharing of expertise and resources for development.
• Pan-Africanism: It serves as a model and symbol of African unity.

6. Effects of Early Marriage

• Health Risks: Increased risk of fistula, maternal mortality, and infant mortality.
• Education Dropout: Girls are forced to leave school, limiting their future opportunities.
• Poverty Cycle: Lack of education and skills traps young mothers in poverty.
• Domestic Violence: Young girls are often less empowered to resist abuse.
• Psychological Trauma: Stress of adult responsibilities at a young age.
• Population Growth: Early childbearing contributes to higher fertility rates.

7. Advantages of Road Signs

• Accident Prevention: Warns drivers of dangers (curves, schools) to reduce crashes.
• Traffic Flow: Regulates movement, preventing congestion and gridlock.
• Pedestrian Safety: Indicates safe crossing areas (zebra crossings).
• Direction/Navigation: Guides drivers to destinations, saving time and fuel.
• Legal Compliance: Helps road users obey laws, avoiding fines.
• Orderliness: Creates a disciplined and predictable driving environment.

8. Factors Hindering Positive Cultural Values

• Globalization: Influx of foreign cultures through media erodes local traditions.
• Technological Advancement: Internet and social media promote western lifestyles over local ones.
• Colonial Legacy: Mentalities that view local culture as "primitive" and foreign as "superior".
• Urbanization: Migration to cities breaks down traditional family structures and community transmission of culture.
• Poverty: Economic hardship may force people to abandon cultural morals for survival.
• Ignorance: Lack of awareness among youth about the importance of their cultural heritage.

SECTION C (30 Marks)

9. Mitigating Challenges of Globalization

• Promoting Local Industry: Supporting "Made in Tanzania" to compete with foreign imports.
• Cultural Education: Integrating national culture and values into the school curriculum.
• Regulating Media: Monitoring content to protect youth from harmful foreign influence.
• Regional Integration: Strengthening EAC and SADC to have a stronger collective voice.
• Skill Development: Investing in education to make the workforce globally competitive.

10. Empowering Women to Eradicate Gender Gap

• Free Education Policy: Ensuring girls have equal access to primary and secondary education.
• Legal Reforms: Laws governing land ownership and marriage have been amended to protect women's rights.
• Political Representation: Special Seats in Parliament ensure women participate in decision-making.
• Economic Empowerment Funds: Provision of loans (e.g., the 10% LGA loans) specifically for women's groups.
• Health Services: Improved maternal health care reduces barriers to women's wellbeing.

11. Role of Social Institutions in Life Skills

• Family: The primary source of socialization, teaching basic morals, self-care, and communication.
• School: Provides formal education, critical thinking, problem-solving, and social interaction skills.
• Religious Institutions: Instill moral values, empathy, coping mechanisms, and spiritual guidance.
• Mass Media: Inform and educate on current issues, health, and global trends.
• Peer Groups: Provide a platform for practicing negotiation, conflict resolution, and teamwork.

Disclaimer: These solutions are suggested for educational revision purposes.